Message Boards Message Boards

3D Design in Mathematica: Generative Jewelry

WOLFRAM MATERIALS for the ARTICLE:

Christopher R.H. Hanusa (2022).

Turning Mathematics into Jewelry.

Math Horizons, 30:1, 8-11

https://doi.org/10.1080/10724117.2022.2087378

This article originally appeared in The Mathematical Zorro blog.

enter image description here

I'll share a bit of Mathematica code that has helped me to add some ordered randomness to my art and jewelry. And we'll design a new piece of generative jewelry!

Before that, let me share something else I've been working on. In June of 2017 I gave myself a goal to share with the public each day one piece of jewelry I designed. Designing, refining, and posting took some effort, and I have completed my goal! In the process I designed some new jewelry that I really like, and I will be working over the coming months to develop them into coherent jewelry collections. I have been sharing on various social media accounts: @hanusadesign on instagram, facebook, twitter, and pinterest. Be sure to follow me to see my latest work!

Now on to the Mathematica tutorial. What do I mean by ordered randomness? Compare the following sets of 100 random points:

enter image description here

While the points seem rather "random" in both sets, you can see that the points on the left often land rather close to each other while the points on the right are pretty regularly spaced. This last observation should tell you that the points on the right are not actually "random"! Indeed, the points on the left are chosen randomly using Mathematica's RandomReal command. (Even though the numbers are generated by a deterministic process in a computer program and thus inherently not completely random, we will say that pseudorandom is close enough for our purposes.) The command

ptlist = RandomReal[{-1, 1}, {100, 2}];

generates 100 pairs of real numbers that all fall between ?1 and 1. On the other hand, the points on the right are chosen by a selection process in which we grow a list of points, starting with any point in the square. Then when we want to add a new point to the list, we generate a random point in the square and see if it is greater than a specified distance to any of the points already in our list. If so, it is added to our list; otherwise it is thrown out! Here is the code:

ptlist = {RandomReal[{-1, 1}, 2]}; 
While[Length[ptlist] < 100, 
    newpt = RandomReal[{-1, 1}, 2]; 
    If[Min[Map[Norm[newpt - #] &, ptlist]] > .1, 
       ptlist = Append[ptlist, newpt]]]

Running the same code multiple times gives different sets of points.

Generative jewelry

Let's take this idea and turn it into a nice piece of generative jewelry, in that we don't actually know what it is going to look like before our program completes!

My goal is to create a piece of jewelry that is a collection of overlapping rings. We'll first generate a set of points and then construct rings centered at those points. We will work to complete three tasks to improve the aesthetic appeal of the final product:

  1. The points should be lie in a circle instead of a square.
  2. The points should be generously spaced.
  3. The rings should be different sizes

For Task 1, we will specify a shape and ensure that each point that we consider is a member of that region. (Here we choose a circle, but you can easily modify it to be ANY region.) For Task 2, we will modify our selection process from above to add more distance between the points (radius .21 instead of .1) and have fewer points (50 instead of 100). By using our selection process, the rings won't overlap too awkwardly and it will be pleasing to the eye. The values I have chosen are purely by trial and error with a view toward making the proportions of the final product look good.

shape = Disk[{0, 0}, 1]; 
ptlist = {RandomReal[{-1, 1}, 2]}; 
While[! RegionMember[shape, ptlist[[1]]], 
    ptlist = {RandomReal[{-1, 1}, 2]}] 
While[Length[ptlist] < 50, newpt = RandomReal[{-1, 1}, 2]; 
    If[Min[Map[Norm[newpt - #] &, ptlist]] > .21 
       && RegionMember[shape, newpt], 
       ptlist = Append[ptlist, newpt]]] 
Graphics[{ 
    {Lighter[Blue, .8], Rectangle[{-1, -1}, {1, 1}]}, 
    {EdgeForm[{Black, Thick}], White, shape}, 
    {Purple, Point[ptlist]} 
}]

Notice that we have also ensured that the first point is also in the circular region. The result of this code looks like this:

enter image description here

Now we want to build a ring centered at each point. A basic torus that has an outer radius of .14 and tube radius of .03 looks like this:

torus[coords_] := Module[{thickness = .14, innerradius = .03}, 
    ParametricPlot3D[{ 
       ( thickness + innerradius Cos[v]) Cos[u], 
       ( thickness + innerradius Cos[v]) Sin[u], 
       innerradius Sin[v]} + Append[coords, 0], 
    {u, 0, 2 Pi}, {v, 0, 2 Pi}, Mesh -> None, PlotPoints -> 50]];

Mapping this function to the points in ptlist gives the following:

enter image description here

Now we need to attack Task 3, making the rings have different sizes. To do this we modify our torus function:

torus[coords_, thickness_] := Module[{innerradius = .03}, 
    ParametricPlot3D[{ 
       ( thickness + innerradius Cos[v]) Cos[u], 
       ( thickness + innerradius Cos[v]) Sin[u], 
       innerradius Sin[v]} + Append[coords, 0], 
    {u, 0, 2 Pi}, {v, 0, 2 Pi}, Mesh -> None, PlotPoints -> 50]];

and generate a set of random outer radii. I first chose the outer radii to be between .1 and .15, but when I displayed the rings, they were disconnected, which is not what we wanted

thicknesses = RandomReal[{.1, .15}, 50] 
Show[MapThread[torus, {ptlist, thicknesses}], PlotRange -> All]

enter image description here

So I modified the the outer radii to be between .09 and .17. I definitely re-ran the code multiple times until I was happy with the final product. Here you go:

thicknesses = RandomReal[{.09, .17}, 50] 
Show[MapThread[torus, {ptlist, thicknesses}], PlotRange -> All]

Pro Tip: Re-running the code always gives you a new arrangement. When you get a random arrangement that you like, you need to save the data that created it, so you can recreate it next time!

In essence, when working to create a piece of generative art, you impose randomness until you find something that you like, at which time you need to save this input so that this data will not change again — which seems to be the opposite of random! It was a revelation when I realized that adding randomness to my art involved saving the random data I generated.

The Final Result

After exporting our final work to an STL, here is a rendering of our new piece of generative jewelry on Sketchfab:

enter image description here

And Shapeways gives the following beautiful rendering of our pendant in Raw Bronze:

enter image description here

The final 3D Printed pendant is the image at the top of the post.

And now you have the tools to make your own! If you have suggestions for how to modify this in an interesting way or for something else I should tackle, let me know. Happy New Year everyone!

7 Replies

Hi Dan Bach, thanks for your kind words. Yes, looking for 3D analogs of 2D objects or vice versa is something that is inspiring me these days. See you around.

Chris

Hi Clayton Shonkwiler, thanks for the tip! And thanks for reading!

Posted 6 years ago

Hi Chris!

Really nice result, and very clear explanation. Makes a great pendant, wall art, or trivet!

I like 3-dim stuff living in a 2+dim world, or vice-versa.

Enjoyed seeing you at Waterloo and around the MathArt circuit! -- Dan Bach

POSTED BY: Dan Bach

Hey, Christopher, thanks for posting here!

Incidentally, RandomPoint[Disk[]] will generate a pseudorandom point uniformly in the disk, which could simplify your code a little bit.

Hi Janos, Thanks for your interest. The print at the top of the post is printed in Raw Bronze through Shapeways. I have also printed it on a Lulzbot Mini, which doesn't turn out nearly as nice.

Posted 6 years ago

What 3D printer did you use?

POSTED BY: Janos Lobb

enter image description here - Congratulations! This post is now a Staff Pick as distinguished by a badge on your profile! Thank you, keep it coming!

POSTED BY: Moderation Team
Reply to this discussion
Community posts can be styled and formatted using the Markdown syntax.
Reply Preview
Attachments
Remove
or Discard

Group Abstract Group Abstract