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Why does MinPrecision affect the result of computation?

Posted 6 years ago

Please look at the code sample given here. The matrix t.M has a precision of 19.657. When I set $MinPrecision to 20, I expected that the elements will change a little (in 20th digit) and eigenvalues may be slightly different. But notice that some of the eigenvalues now are different in the 4th decimal place. Is it possible to explain and fix this?

In[1]:= $Version

Out[1]= "10.0 for Mac OS X x86 (64-bit) (June 29, 2014)"

In[2]:= t = DiagonalMatrix[{1, 1, -1, -1, 1, 1, -1, -1, 1, 1, -1, -1}];
M = {{0.7137918381815571041`20., 0, 0, 
    0, -0.0818845598913793050449093616880474190251622093580702678455`\
20. + 0``20.79396386163813 I, 0, 0, 
    0.2343688308366258291603440704025530543285644606954919531622`20. \
+ 0``20.337266027259396 I, \
-0.1781456332806043268557912392799948161104770751588753908233`20. + 
     0``21.549512304350156 I, 0, 
    0, -0.5098859155622219674745857688604570097577534403206352266676`\
20. + 0``21.092814469971415 I}, {0, 0.7137918381815571041`20., 0, 0, 
    0, -0.0818845598913793050449093616880474190251622093580702678455`\
20. + 0``20.79396386163813 I, \
-0.2343688308366258291603440704025530543285644606954919531622`20. + 
     0``20.337266027259396 I, 0, 
    0, -0.1781456332806043268557912392799948161104770751588753908233`\
20. + 0``21.549512304350156 I, 
    0.5098859155622219674745857688604570097577534403206352266676`20. \
+ 0``21.092814469971415 I, 0}, {0, 0, 0.7137918381815571041`20., 0, 0,
     0.2343688308366258291603440704025530543285644606954919531622`20. \
+ 0``20.337266027259396 I, \
-0.0818845598913793050449093616880474190251622093580702678455`20. + 
     0``20.79396386163813 I, 0, 
    0, -0.5098859155622219674745857688604570097577534403206352266676`\
20. + 0``21.092814469971415 I, \
-0.1781456332806043268557912392799948161104770751588753908233`20. + 
     0``21.549512304350156 I, 0}, {0, 0, 0, 
    0.7137918381815571041`20., \
-0.2343688308366258291603440704025530543285644606954919531622`20. + 
     0``20.337266027259396 I, 0, 
    0, -0.0818845598913793050449093616880474190251622093580702678455`\
20. + 0``20.79396386163813 I, 
    0.5098859155622219674745857688604570097577534403206352266676`20. \
+ 0``21.092814469971415 I, 0, 
    0, -0.1781456332806043268557912392799948161104770751588753908233`\
20. + 0``21.549512304350156 I}, \
{-0.0818845598913793050449093616880474190251622093580702678455`20. + 
     0``20.79396386163813 I, 0, 
    0, -0.2343688308366258291603440704025530543285644606954919531622`\
20. + 0``20.337266027259396 I, 0.7137918381815571041`20., 0, 0, 
    0, -0.1060166164759502210167654308580758022516732692772395255612`\
20. + 0``20.835887101121145 I, 0, 0, 
    0.3034392623674499766124318272572987558005177815882278376081`20. \
+ 0``20.379189266742404 I}, {0, \
-0.0818845598913793050449093616880474190251622093580702678455`20. + 
     0``20.79396386163813 I, 
    0.2343688308366258291603440704025530543285644606954919531622`20. \
+ 0``20.337266027259396 I, 0, 0, 0.7137918381815571041`20., 0, 0, 
    0, -0.1060166164759502210167654308580758022516732692772395255612`\
20. + 0``20.835887101121145 I, \
-0.3034392623674499766124318272572987558005177815882278376081`20. + 
     0``20.379189266742404 I, 
    0}, {0, -0.\
2343688308366258291603440704025530543285644606954919531622`20. + 
     0``20.337266027259396 I, \
-0.0818845598913793050449093616880474190251622093580702678455`20. + 
     0``20.79396386163813 I, 0, 0, 0, 0.7137918381815571041`20., 0, 0,
     0.3034392623674499766124318272572987558005177815882278376081`20. \
+ 0``20.379189266742404 I, \
-0.1060166164759502210167654308580758022516732692772395255612`20. + 
     0``20.835887101121145 I, 
    0}, {0.2343688308366258291603440704025530543285644606954919531622`\
20. + 0``20.337266027259396 I, 0, 
    0, -0.0818845598913793050449093616880474190251622093580702678455`\
20. + 0``20.79396386163813 I, 0, 0, 0, 
    0.7137918381815571041`20., \
-0.3034392623674499766124318272572987558005177815882278376081`20. + 
     0``20.379189266742404 I, 0, 
    0, -0.1060166164759502210167654308580758022516732692772395255612`\
20. + 0``20.835887101121145 I}, \
{-0.1781456332806043268557912392799948161104770751588753908233`20. + 
     0``21.549512304350156 I, 0, 0, 
    0.5098859155622219674745857688604570097577534403206352266676`20. \
+ 0``21.092814469971415 I, \
-0.1060166164759502210167654308580758022516732692772395255612`20. + 
     0``20.835887101121145 I, 0, 
    0, -0.3034392623674499766124318272572987558005177815882278376081`\
20. + 0``20.379189266742404 I, 0.7137918381815571041`20., 0, 0, 
    0}, {0, -0.\
1781456332806043268557912392799948161104770751588753908233`20. + 
     0``21.549512304350156 I, \
-0.5098859155622219674745857688604570097577534403206352266676`20. + 
     0``21.092814469971415 I, 0, 
    0, -0.1060166164759502210167654308580758022516732692772395255612`\
20. + 0``20.835887101121145 I, 
    0.3034392623674499766124318272572987558005177815882278376081`20. \
+ 0``20.379189266742404 I, 0, 0, 0.7137918381815571041`20., 0, 0}, {0,
     0.5098859155622219674745857688604570097577534403206352266676`20. \
+ 0``21.092814469971415 I, \
-0.1781456332806043268557912392799948161104770751588753908233`20. + 
     0``21.549512304350156 I, 0, 
    0, -0.3034392623674499766124318272572987558005177815882278376081`\
20. + 0``20.379189266742404 I, \
-0.1060166164759502210167654308580758022516732692772395255612`20. + 
     0``20.835887101121145 I, 0, 0, 0, 0.7137918381815571041`20., 
    0}, {-0.5098859155622219674745857688604570097577534403206352266676\
`20. + 0``21.092814469971415 I, 0, 
    0, -0.1781456332806043268557912392799948161104770751588753908233`\
20. + 0``21.549512304350156 I, 
    0.3034392623674499766124318272572987558005177815882278376081`20. \
+ 0``20.379189266742404 I, 0, 
    0, -0.1060166164759502210167654308580758022516732692772395255612`\
20. + 0``20.835887101121145 I, 0, 0, 0, 0.7137918381815571041`20.}};

In[4]:= Precision[t.M]

Out[4]= 19.657

In[5]:= Eigenvalues[t.M]

Out[5]= {-0.6434260521385389832, 0.6434260521385389832, \
-0.6434260521385389832, 0.6434260521385389832, 0.5495328432664610538, \
-0.5495328432664610537, 0.5495328432664610537, \
-0.5495328432664610537, -0.31288706030886822758, \
0.31288706030886822757, 0.31288706030886822757, \
-0.31288706030886822757}

In[6]:= $MinPrecision = 19;
Eigenvalues[t.M]

Out[7]= {-0.6434260521385389832, 0.6434260521385389832, \
-0.6434260521385389832, 0.6434260521385389832, 0.5495328432664610538, \
-0.5495328432664610537, 0.5495328432664610537, \
-0.5495328432664610537, -0.31288706030886822758, \
0.31288706030886822757, 0.31288706030886822757, \
-0.31288706030886822757}

In[8]:= $MinPrecision = 20;
Eigenvalues[t.M]

Out[9]= {0.64342605213853898318, -0.64342605213853898318, \
0.64339804735557256573, -0.64332543749200075174, \
0.54954065607255415410, -0.54953284326646105374, \
0.54953284326646105374, -0.54931890613227757447, \
-0.31288706030886822757, 0.31288706030886822757, \
-0.31288313900183744618, 0.31281340426449117539}
7 Replies

Thank you for your reply. The general matrix in our case has complex numbers so we cant use real part alone. Chop would be fine here but it will also reduce the accuracy by turning small numbers to 0, is it not true?

Is it possible that $MinPrecision affects the small numbers, I mean 0. kind?

Executed the file in my office and I can confirm that 10.4.0 has the same bug but 11.0.0 does not.

Posted 6 years ago

For a fix, if you remove the imaginary parts, e.g. with Eigenvalues[Chop[t.M]] or Eigenvalues[Re[t.M]], the problem goes away in 10.4.3.

The issue seems to affect NSolve, too. For instance, we get the same errors in the eigenvalues:

x /. NSolve[CharacteristicPolynomial[t.M, x] == 0, x]
Block[{$MinPrecision = 20},
 x /. NSolve[CharacteristicPolynomial[t.M, x] == 0, x]
 ]
(*
{-0.6434261, -0.6434261, -0.5495328, -0.5495328,
 -0.3128871, -0.3128871, 0.3128871, 0.3128871,
 0.5495328, 0.5495328, 0.6434261, 0.6434261}

{-0.6434260521385, -0.6433254374920, -0.5495328432665, -0.5493189061323,
 -0.3128870603089, -0.3128831390018, 0.31281340426449, 0.31288706030887,
 0.549532843266, 0.549540656073, 0.643398047356, 0.643426052139}
*)
POSTED BY: Updating Name

It's amazing but I also have version 10 on another computer. In this version also there is a similar bug as in version 8:

"10.0 for Microsoft Windows (64-bit) (June 29, 2014)"

19.657

{-0.6434260521385389832, 0.6434260521385389832, \
-0.6434260521385389832, 0.6434260521385389832, 0.5495328432664610538, \
-0.5495328432664610537, 0.5495328432664610537, \
-0.5495328432664610537, -0.31288706030886822758, \
0.31288706030886822757, 0.31288706030886822757, \
-0.31288706030886822757}

{-0.6434260521385389832, 0.6434260521385389832, \
-0.6434260521385389832, 0.6434260521385389832, 0.5495328432664610538, \
-0.5495328432664610537, 0.5495328432664610537, \
-0.5495328432664610537, -0.31288706030886822758, \
0.31288706030886822757, 0.31288706030886822757, \
-0.31288706030886822757}

{0.64342605213853898318, -0.64342605213853898318, \
0.64339804735557256573, -0.64332543749200075174, \
0.54954065607255415410, -0.54953284326646105374, \
0.54953284326646105374, -0.54931890613227757447, \
-0.31288706030886822757, 0.31288706030886822757, \
-0.31288313900183744618, 0.31281340426449117539}

By chance I have two other versions - 8 and 11.0.1. In the eighth version, really there are big differences with a small change in the MinPrecision:

"11.0.1 for Microsoft Windows (64-bit) (September 20, 2016)"

19.657

{-0.6434260521385389832, -0.6434260521385389832, \
0.6434260521385389832, 0.6434260521385389832, 0.5495328432664610538, \
-0.5495328432664610537, -0.5495328432664610537, \
0.5495328432664610537, -0.31288706030886822758, \
0.31288706030886822757, -0.31288706030886822757, \
0.31288706030886822757}

{-0.6434260521385389832, -0.6434260521385389832, \
0.6434260521385389832, 0.6434260521385389832, 0.5495328432664610538, \
-0.5495328432664610537, -0.5495328432664610537, \
0.5495328432664610537, -0.31288706030886822758, \
0.31288706030886822757, -0.31288706030886822757, \
0.31288706030886822757}

{0.64342605213853898318, 0.64342605213853898318, \
-0.64342605213853898318, -0.64342605213853898318, \
-0.54953284326646105374, -0.54953284326646105374, \
0.54953284326646105374, 0.54953284326646105374, \
-0.31288706030886822757, -0.31288706030886822757, \
0.31288706030886822757, 0.31288706030886822757}


"8.0 for Microsoft Windows (64-bit) (October 7, 2011)"

19.657

{-0.6434260521385389832, 0.6434260521385389832, \
-0.6434260521385389832, 0.6434260521385389832, 0.5495328432664610538, \
-0.5495328432664610537, 0.5495328432664610537, \
-0.5495328432664610537, -0.31288706030886822758, \
0.31288706030886822757, 0.31288706030886822757, \
-0.31288706030886822757}

{-0.6434260521385389832, 0.6434260521385389832, \
-0.6434260521385389832, 0.6434260521385389832, 0.5495328432664610538, \
-0.5495328432664610537, 0.5495328432664610537, \
-0.5495328432664610537, -0.31288706030886822758, \
0.31288706030886822757, 0.31288706030886822757, \
-0.31288706030886822757}

{0.64342605213853898318, -0.64342605213853898318, \
0.64339804735557256573, -0.64332543749200075174, \
0.54954065607255415410, -0.54953284326646105374, \
0.54953284326646105374, -0.54931890613227757447, \
-0.31288706030886822757, 0.31288706030886822757, \
-0.31288313900183744618, 0.31281340426449117539}

Thank you very much for a very prompt reply. We have a more recent version in our office. I will run the file and post results tomorrow. But at the same time, don't you think that these kind of bugs are somewhat unexpected in 10.0 which is fairly advanced version of Mathematica?

Something wrong in your version? In my version all looks as it is supposed - slight change with a slight change in the MinPrecision:

In[1]:= $Version
t = DiagonalMatrix[{1, 1, -1, -1, 1, 1, -1, -1, 1, 1, -1, -1}];
M = {{0.7137918381815571041`20., 0, 0, 
    0, -0.0818845598913793050449093616880474190251622093580702678455`\
20. + 0``20.79396386163813 I, 0, 0, 
    0.2343688308366258291603440704025530543285644606954919531622`20. \
+ 0``20.337266027259396 I, \
-0.1781456332806043268557912392799948161104770751588753908233`20. + 
     0``21.549512304350156 I, 0, 
    0, -0.5098859155622219674745857688604570097577534403206352266676`\
20. + 0``21.092814469971415 I}, {0, 0.7137918381815571041`20., 0, 0, 
    0, -0.0818845598913793050449093616880474190251622093580702678455`\
20. + 0``20.79396386163813 I, \
-0.2343688308366258291603440704025530543285644606954919531622`20. + 
     0``20.337266027259396 I, 0, 
    0, -0.1781456332806043268557912392799948161104770751588753908233`\
20. + 0``21.549512304350156 I, 
    0.5098859155622219674745857688604570097577534403206352266676`20. \
+ 0``21.092814469971415 I, 0}, {0, 0, 0.7137918381815571041`20., 0, 0,
     0.2343688308366258291603440704025530543285644606954919531622`20. \
+ 0``20.337266027259396 I, \
-0.0818845598913793050449093616880474190251622093580702678455`20. + 
     0``20.79396386163813 I, 0, 
    0, -0.5098859155622219674745857688604570097577534403206352266676`\
20. + 0``21.092814469971415 I, \
-0.1781456332806043268557912392799948161104770751588753908233`20. + 
     0``21.549512304350156 I, 0}, {0, 0, 0, 
    0.7137918381815571041`20., \
-0.2343688308366258291603440704025530543285644606954919531622`20. + 
     0``20.337266027259396 I, 0, 
    0, -0.0818845598913793050449093616880474190251622093580702678455`\
20. + 0``20.79396386163813 I, 
    0.5098859155622219674745857688604570097577534403206352266676`20. \
+ 0``21.092814469971415 I, 0, 
    0, -0.1781456332806043268557912392799948161104770751588753908233`\
20. + 0``21.549512304350156 I}, \
{-0.0818845598913793050449093616880474190251622093580702678455`20. + 
     0``20.79396386163813 I, 0, 
    0, -0.2343688308366258291603440704025530543285644606954919531622`\
20. + 0``20.337266027259396 I, 0.7137918381815571041`20., 0, 0, 
    0, -0.1060166164759502210167654308580758022516732692772395255612`\
20. + 0``20.835887101121145 I, 0, 0, 
    0.3034392623674499766124318272572987558005177815882278376081`20. \
+ 0``20.379189266742404 I}, {0, \
-0.0818845598913793050449093616880474190251622093580702678455`20. + 
     0``20.79396386163813 I, 
    0.2343688308366258291603440704025530543285644606954919531622`20. \
+ 0``20.337266027259396 I, 0, 0, 0.7137918381815571041`20., 0, 0, 
    0, -0.1060166164759502210167654308580758022516732692772395255612`\
20. + 0``20.835887101121145 I, \
-0.3034392623674499766124318272572987558005177815882278376081`20. + 
     0``20.379189266742404 I, 
    0}, {0, -0.\
2343688308366258291603440704025530543285644606954919531622`20. + 
     0``20.337266027259396 I, \
-0.0818845598913793050449093616880474190251622093580702678455`20. + 
     0``20.79396386163813 I, 0, 0, 0, 0.7137918381815571041`20., 0, 0,
     0.3034392623674499766124318272572987558005177815882278376081`20. \
+ 0``20.379189266742404 I, \
-0.1060166164759502210167654308580758022516732692772395255612`20. + 
     0``20.835887101121145 I, 
    0}, {0.2343688308366258291603440704025530543285644606954919531622`\
20. + 0``20.337266027259396 I, 0, 
    0, -0.0818845598913793050449093616880474190251622093580702678455`\
20. + 0``20.79396386163813 I, 0, 0, 0, 
    0.7137918381815571041`20., \
-0.3034392623674499766124318272572987558005177815882278376081`20. + 
     0``20.379189266742404 I, 0, 
    0, -0.1060166164759502210167654308580758022516732692772395255612`\
20. + 0``20.835887101121145 I}, \
{-0.1781456332806043268557912392799948161104770751588753908233`20. + 
     0``21.549512304350156 I, 0, 0, 
    0.5098859155622219674745857688604570097577534403206352266676`20. \
+ 0``21.092814469971415 I, \
-0.1060166164759502210167654308580758022516732692772395255612`20. + 
     0``20.835887101121145 I, 0, 
    0, -0.3034392623674499766124318272572987558005177815882278376081`\
20. + 0``20.379189266742404 I, 0.7137918381815571041`20., 0, 0, 
    0}, {0, -0.\
1781456332806043268557912392799948161104770751588753908233`20. + 
     0``21.549512304350156 I, \
-0.5098859155622219674745857688604570097577534403206352266676`20. + 
     0``21.092814469971415 I, 0, 
    0, -0.1060166164759502210167654308580758022516732692772395255612`\
20. + 0``20.835887101121145 I, 
    0.3034392623674499766124318272572987558005177815882278376081`20. \
+ 0``20.379189266742404 I, 0, 0, 0.7137918381815571041`20., 0, 0}, {0,
     0.5098859155622219674745857688604570097577534403206352266676`20. \
+ 0``21.092814469971415 I, \
-0.1781456332806043268557912392799948161104770751588753908233`20. + 
     0``21.549512304350156 I, 0, 
    0, -0.3034392623674499766124318272572987558005177815882278376081`\
20. + 0``20.379189266742404 I, \
-0.1060166164759502210167654308580758022516732692772395255612`20. + 
     0``20.835887101121145 I, 0, 0, 0, 0.7137918381815571041`20., 
    0}, {-0.5098859155622219674745857688604570097577534403206352266676\
`20. + 0``21.092814469971415 I, 0, 
    0, -0.1781456332806043268557912392799948161104770751588753908233`\
20. + 0``21.549512304350156 I, 
    0.3034392623674499766124318272572987558005177815882278376081`20. \
+ 0``20.379189266742404 I, 0, 
    0, -0.1060166164759502210167654308580758022516732692772395255612`\
20. + 0``20.835887101121145 I, 0, 0, 0, 0.7137918381815571041`20.}};
Precision[t.M]
Eigenvalues[t.M]
$MinPrecision = 19;
Eigenvalues[t.M]
$MinPrecision = 20;
Eigenvalues[t.M]



Out[1]= "11.3.0 for Microsoft Windows (64-bit) (March 7, 2018)"

Out[4]= 19.657

Out[5]= {-0.6434260521385389832, 0.6434260521385389832, \
-0.6434260521385389832, 0.6434260521385389832, 0.5495328432664610538, \
-0.5495328432664610537, 0.5495328432664610537, \
-0.5495328432664610537, -0.31288706030886822758, \
0.31288706030886822757, -0.31288706030886822757, \
0.31288706030886822757}

Out[7]= {-0.6434260521385389832, 0.6434260521385389832, \
-0.6434260521385389832, 0.6434260521385389832, 0.5495328432664610538, \
-0.5495328432664610537, 0.5495328432664610537, \
-0.5495328432664610537, -0.31288706030886822758, \
0.31288706030886822757, -0.31288706030886822757, \
0.31288706030886822757}

Out[9]= {0.64342605213853898318, -0.64342605213853898318, \
0.64342605213853898318, -0.64342605213853898318, \
-0.54953284326646105374, 0.54953284326646105374, \
-0.54953284326646105374, 0.54953284326646105374, \
-0.31288706030886822757, 0.31288706030886822757, \
-0.31288706030886822757, 0.31288706030886822757}
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