I finally got it working. First read the data:
temp = AirTemperatureData[
"Linkoping", {DateObject[{2015, 12, 27}, TimeObject[{12}]],
DateObject[{2016, 1, 6}, TimeObject[{12}]]}];
The trick then was to interpolate missing data using
tempI = TimeSeries[temp,
MissingDataMethod -> {"Interpolation", InterpolationOrder -> 2}];
and finally remove units from the weather data
tempVal = QuantityMagnitude[tempI["Values"]];
Then using NDSolveValue (using a simple ice growth model):
solution =
NDSolveValue[{he'[t] == 1/(rho L) (Tm - Ta[t])/(he[t]/k + 1/Hia[t]),
he[0] == 0.0}, he, {t, 0, Last[tempTimes]}];
I had to fake the heat exchange parameter, recommended values are 20-40 w/m2, and I used 20 with a sinusoidal variation over 24 h.
Thanks!
Sören