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RSS Feed for Wolfram Community showing any discussions tagged with Earth Science sorted by active.[WSRP26] Using cellular automata to predict flood plains through water spread and ground absorption
https://community.wolfram.com/groups/-/m/t/3753304
![Using cellular automata to predict flood plains through water spread and ground absorption][1]
&[Wolfram Notebook][2]
[1]: https://community.wolfram.com//c/portal/getImageAttachment?filename=Untitled.png&userId=3748591
[2]: https://www.wolframcloud.com/obj/09770750-f46b-4491-82df-dcbe704c406bSuvid Bordia2026-07-09T22:41:01ZPleistocene-Holocene Sea Level 500K Years Change UK/European Coastlines
https://community.wolfram.com/groups/-/m/t/1609980
![enter image description here][1]
The Pleistocene Epoch ended 12,000 years ago, making way for the Holocene Epoch which continues to today. During the peak of the last glacial episode, tremendous amounts of water was locked away in the glaciers which caused sea levels to drop. As the Pleistocene came to a close, glaciers from the last glacial episode were melted which caused the sea levels to rise. The following exploration uses data from De Boer, B., R.S.W. Van de Wal, R. Bintanja, L.J. Lourens and E. Tuenter, "Cenozoic global ice-volume and temperature simulations with 1-D ice-sheet models forced by benthic d18O records", Annals of Glaciology, 51 (55), 23-33, 2010.
sealeveldata = Transpose[
QuantityMagnitude[
Normal[Values[
ResourceData[
"Sea Level and Temperatures Over the Last 40 Million \
Years"][{"TimeBeforePresent", "SeaLevel"}]]]]];
Over the last 40 million years, the global temperatures and sea levels have changed. Prior to 2.5 million years ago, the global sea level tended to be higher than it is today as global temperatures were warmer.
ListPlot[sealeveldata, Joined -> True, Frame -> True, PlotRange -> All,
FrameLabel -> {{None,
"Sea Level Change (m)"}, {"Millions of Years Ago", None}},
FrameTicks -> {{Table[{i, i}, {i, -140, 80, 20}],
Table[{i, i}, {i, -140, 80,
20}]}, {Table[{i, -i/1000000}, {i, -40000000, 0, 5000000}],
Table[{i, -i/1000000}, {i, -40000000, 0, 5000000}]}},
ImageSize -> 550]
![global sea level changes over the last 40 million years][2]
Starting about 2.5 million years ago, as the Pleistocene Epoch was starting, global temperatures started to drop and permanent ice started to form at the poles. We entered an ice age. During the Pleistocene, temperatures varied wildly and glaciers advanced and retreated in many pulses. Today, there is still permanent ice at the poles so we are still in an ice age. But we are between cold pulses, so we are in an interglacial period within the current ice age.
ListPlot[sealeveldata, Joined -> True, Frame -> True,
PlotRange -> {{-2500000, 0}, {-150, 10}},
FrameTicks -> {{Table[{i, i}, {i, -140, 0, 20}],
Table[{i, i}, {i, -140, 0,
20}]}, {Table[{i, -i/1000}, {i, -2500000, 0, 200000}],
Table[{i, -i/1000}, {i, -2500000, 0, 200000}]}},
FrameLabel -> {{None,
"Sea Level Change (m)"}, {"Thousands of Years Ago", None}},
ImageSize -> 550]
![global sea level changes over the last 2.5 million years][3]
We can focus in on the peak of the last glacial episode to find the lowest sea level which happened about 20,000 years ago, when the glaciers locked up a large amount of water from the oceans.
ListPlot[sealeveldata, Joined -> True, Frame -> True,
PlotRange -> {{-24000, 0}, {-150, 10}},
FrameTicks -> {{Table[{i, i}, {i, -140, 0, 20}],
Table[{i, i}, {i, -140, 0, 20}]}, {Table[{i, -i/1000}, {i, -24000,
0, 2000}], Table[{i, -i/1000}, {i, -24000, 0, 2000}]}},
FrameLabel -> {{None,
"Sea Level Change (m)"}, {"Thousands of Years Ago", None}},
ImageSize -> 550]
![global sea level changes over the last 24,000 years][4]
For more continuous coverage, we can interpolate the data.
seaint = Interpolation[sealeveldata, InterpolationOrder -> 1];
To see the effects that changing sea levels had on the coast of the U.K. and Europe, first we need to obtain the elevation data using GeoElevationData. The following form works nicely using the forthcoming version 12:
data = GeoElevationData[
Entity["City", {"London", "GreaterLondon", "UnitedKingdom"}],
GeoRange -> Quantity[800, "Miles"], GeoProjection -> Automatic,
UnitSystem -> "Metric"];
You can get similar results from 11.3 and earlier using the following definition:
data = GeoElevationData[
GeoDisk[Entity[
"City", {"London", "GreaterLondon", "UnitedKingdom"}],
Quantity[800, "Miles"]], UnitSystem -> "Metric"];
The following variations all use the data generated from version 12. At the greatest extent of the glacial event, the U.K. was connected to mainland Europe. The connecting land is often referred to as [Doggerland][5]. As long as the U.K. and Europe were connected, hunter-gatherers were able to move back and forth.
With[{ybp = -22000},
ReliefPlot[Reverse[data],
PlotRange -> {Full, Full, {seaint[ybp], All}}, ImageSize -> 600,
ColorFunction -> "FallColors", ClippingStyle -> RGBColor[0, .2, .5],
PerformanceGoal -> "Quality",
PlotLabel -> Row[{-Round[ybp], " years ago"}],
Epilog -> {Text[Style["Doggerland", 12, White], {320, 250}]},
FrameTicks -> All]]
![sea level effects on the U.K. and Europe 22,000 years ago][6]
By about 10,500 years ago (8,500 BCE) sea levels rose to the point that the U.K. had basically separated from the European mainland. A small uprise known as the Dogger Bank was still exposed as an island.
With[{ybp = -10500},
ReliefPlot[Reverse[data],
PlotRange -> {Full, Full, {seaint[ybp], All}}, ImageSize -> 600,
ColorFunction -> "FallColors", ClippingStyle -> RGBColor[0, .2, .5],
PerformanceGoal -> "Quality",
PlotLabel -> Row[{-Round[ybp], " years ago"}],
Epilog -> {Text[Style["Dogger Bank", 12, White], {300, 300}]}]]
![sea level effects on the U.K. and Europe 10,500 years ago][7]
By 9,000 years ago (7,000 BCE), the Dogger Bank had also submerged.
With[{ybp = -9000},
ReliefPlot[Reverse[data],
PlotRange -> {Full, Full, {seaint[ybp], All}}, ImageSize -> 600,
ColorFunction -> "FallColors", ClippingStyle -> RGBColor[0, .2, .5],
PerformanceGoal -> "Quality",
PlotLabel -> Row[{-Round[ybp], " years ago"}]]]
![sea level effects on the U.K. and Europe 9,000 years ago][8]
An animated version can be created as well. [Here is a link][9] I created showing the variation in sea level over the last 500,000 years.
Time will tell if we will enter a new glacial period and see the glaciers once again advance as they have many times in the last 2.5 million years.
&[Wolfram Notebook][10]
[1]: https://community.wolfram.com//c/portal/getImageAttachment?filename=test4_27_9_21-min.gif&userId=20103
[2]: https://community.wolfram.com//c/portal/getImageAttachment?filename=FullData.png&userId=25355
[3]: https://community.wolfram.com//c/portal/getImageAttachment?filename=Pleistocene.png&userId=25355
[4]: https://community.wolfram.com//c/portal/getImageAttachment?filename=GlacialMaximum.png&userId=25355
[5]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doggerland
[6]: https://community.wolfram.com//c/portal/getImageAttachment?filename=3616Doggerland.png&userId=25355
[7]: https://community.wolfram.com//c/portal/getImageAttachment?filename=DoggerBank.png&userId=25355
[8]: https://community.wolfram.com//c/portal/getImageAttachment?filename=Recent.png&userId=25355
[9]: https://vimeo.com/316422438
[10]: https://www.wolframcloud.com/obj/ee74ffc8-a7e9-4d91-87ac-dd4f436283f1
[backup video link]: https://vimeo.com/316422438Jeffrey Bryant2019-02-10T20:39:02Z[WSRP26] Modeling formation of river deltas
https://community.wolfram.com/groups/-/m/t/3750596
![Modeling formation of river deltas][1]
&[Wolfram Notebook][2]
[1]: https://community.wolfram.com//c/portal/getImageAttachment?filename=titleimage_page-0001.jpg&userId=3749859
[2]: https://www.wolframcloud.com/obj/7d1d2cda-7a1c-4725-8114-d4fbb881f44bLukas Tsui2026-07-09T18:56:03ZFinding yourself at sea: the mathematics of celestial navigation
https://community.wolfram.com/groups/-/m/t/3743363
![Finding yourself at sea: the mathematics of celestial navigation][1]
&[Wolfram Notebook][2]
[1]: https://community.wolfram.com//c/portal/getImageAttachment?filename=TheMathematicsofCelestialNavigation.gif&userId=20103
[2]: https://www.wolframcloud.com/obj/ac4a37f9-8b2f-4174-9fe0-6a0cdfb3f7b7Marco Thiel2026-07-02T18:55:18ZSeismic wave propagation across the globe: earthquakes vs. nuclear explosions
https://community.wolfram.com/groups/-/m/t/3742365
![Seismic wave propagation across the globe: earthquakes vs. nuclear explosions][1]
&[Wolfram Notebook][2]
[1]: https://community.wolfram.com//c/portal/getImageAttachment?filename=SeismicWavePropagationAcrosstheGlobe.gif&userId=20103
[2]: https://www.wolframcloud.com/obj/1c7bc639-d426-43e6-86b0-c1387ec733d6Marco Thiel2026-07-01T14:53:51ZBird migration paths: seasonal maps and population centroids from massive eBird datasets
https://community.wolfram.com/groups/-/m/t/3742012
![Bird migration paths: seasonal maps and population centroids from massive eBird datasets][1]
&[Wolfram Notebook][2]
[1]: https://community.wolfram.com//c/portal/getImageAttachment?filename=Bird_migration.gif&userId=20103
[2]: https://www.wolframcloud.com/obj/c4b2223c-65e8-49a1-9831-39a1de2ca62bMarco Thiel2026-06-30T18:16:33ZAurora monitor: a real-time space-weather and aurora-visibility dashboard
https://community.wolfram.com/groups/-/m/t/3741265
![Aurora monitor: a real-time space-weather and aurora-visibility dashboard][1]
&[Wolfram Notebook][2]
[1]: https://community.wolfram.com//c/portal/getImageAttachment?filename=Auroramonitordashboard.gif&userId=20103
[2]: https://www.wolframcloud.com/obj/31e1d078-476e-4847-b5c5-aa924cdc6918Marco Thiel2026-06-29T12:26:20Z800,000 years of climate from ice cores: CO₂, temperature, and the rhythm of the ice ages
https://community.wolfram.com/groups/-/m/t/3731409
![800,000 years of climate from ice cores: CO₂, temperature, and the rhythm of the ice ages][1]
*Eight hundred millennia of CO₂ (red) and Antarctic temperature (blue silhouette). The grey band is the natural range over the whole record; the orange spike at right is the modern instrumental rise to today.*
&[Wolfram Notebook][2]
[1]: https://community.wolfram.com//c/portal/getImageAttachment?filename=800,000yearsofclimatefromicecoresCO%E2%82%82,temperature,andtherhythmoftheiceages.png&userId=20103
[2]: https://www.wolframcloud.com/obj/1a4d2bdc-3991-40e3-ac9d-3ae79bdf651bMarco Thiel2026-06-10T12:22:13ZReading tree rings: Fennoscandia dendroclimatology, summer temperature & the divergence problem
https://community.wolfram.com/groups/-/m/t/3733750
![Reading tree rings: Fennoscandia dendroclimatology, summer temperature & the divergence problem][1]
&[Wolfram Notebook][2]
[1]: https://community.wolfram.com//c/portal/getImageAttachment?filename=Video-a4b76ff8-a043-4bc7-8f54-a65f0318af1f-optimize.gif&userId=20103
[2]: https://www.wolframcloud.com/obj/c2585321-b448-4279-a3ea-e81377d50aefMarco Thiel2026-06-15T15:31:51ZVAAC ash-cloud bulletin parsing & ERA5 flight-level advection for volcanic plume dispersion
https://community.wolfram.com/groups/-/m/t/3732387
![VAAC ash-cloud bulletin parsing & ERA5 flight-level advection for volcanic plume dispersion][1]
&[Wolfram Notebook][2]
[1]: https://community.wolfram.com//c/portal/getImageAttachment?filename=VAAC.gif&userId=20103
[2]: https://www.wolframcloud.com/obj/54bcaa72-193d-4511-8a23-125a093cb430Marco Thiel2026-06-12T12:01:52ZEvery river in Britain: elevation drainage networks, Horton–Strahler statistics of the Dee & Don
https://community.wolfram.com/groups/-/m/t/3727475
[![Every river in Britain: elevation drainage networks, Horton\[Dash]Strahler statistics of the Dee & Don][1]][1]
&[Wolfram Notebook][2]
[1]: https://community.wolfram.com//c/portal/getImageAttachment?filename=3725RivernetworksfromelevationdataHorton-StrahlerstatisticsoftheDeeandtheDon.jpg&userId=20103
[2]: https://www.wolframcloud.com/obj/d9d28359-30da-47c4-8376-717322009a9cMarco Thiel2026-06-04T14:52:45ZArctic sea-ice extent: trend, annual harmonics, and change-points after seasonal removal
https://community.wolfram.com/groups/-/m/t/3726616
![Arctic sea-ice extent: trend, annual harmonics, and change-points after seasonal removal][1]
&[Wolfram Notebook][2]
[1]: https://community.wolfram.com//c/portal/getImageAttachment?filename=Video-5fee2583-f817-49b3-9cc3-e17130b69b82.gif&userId=20103
[2]: https://www.wolframcloud.com/obj/752d2a73-d56b-4377-a9b7-c8d311cc4a8bMarco Thiel2026-06-03T13:06:22ZAirTemperatureData for Germany does not work any more
https://community.wolfram.com/groups/-/m/t/3724233
For years I have been using the function `AirTemperatureData` to get daily average temperatures for 11 German cities.
Now, I do not get any data after August 24, 2025. All time series are obviously not continued.
Is this my fault?
Does anybody know how to access data for Germany after August 24, 2025?
Here is the command I used:
airtemp =
AirTemperatureData[
stationen, {DateObject[{2007, 10, 1}], DateObject[{2026, 5, 20}],
"Day"}]
where "stationen" is the list of 11 cities defined as Entities (note, this code worked for the last 5 years)
any help is highly appreciated.Andrej Pustisek2026-05-29T15:20:16ZAI weather forecasts without a supercomputer: Google Colab setup and six-city ensemble assessment
https://community.wolfram.com/groups/-/m/t/3723645
![AI weather forecasts without a supercomputer: Google Colab setup and six-city ensemble assessment][1]
&[Wolfram Notebook][2]
[1]: https://community.wolfram.com//c/portal/getImageAttachment?filename=Video-1af0c577-96ce-4423-8448-7e146d37b1bb.gif&userId=20103
[2]: https://www.wolframcloud.com/obj/79550fda-df8a-40af-9c55-e59b3c8f7c2aMarco Thiel2026-05-28T12:08:23ZMathematical Games: geology, AI and recent advances -- Part 4
https://community.wolfram.com/groups/-/m/t/3722361
&[Wolfram Notebook][1]
[1]: https://www.wolframcloud.com/obj/56a2d470-e037-4cae-b232-b4a5c2996bb5Ed Pegg2026-05-25T21:50:50ZMathematical Games: geology, AI and recent advances -- Part 3
https://community.wolfram.com/groups/-/m/t/3722341
&[Wolfram Notebook][1]
[1]: https://www.wolframcloud.com/obj/64a2a7cb-6a1d-4873-a4c7-2fdc455f6350Ed Pegg2026-05-25T21:35:38ZMathematical Games: geology, AI and recent advances -- Part 2
https://community.wolfram.com/groups/-/m/t/3722319
&[Wolfram Notebook][1]
[1]: https://www.wolframcloud.com/obj/d269f1e5-5dc4-48de-934d-6d4e948739ccEd Pegg2026-05-25T21:20:43ZMathematical Games: geology, AI and recent advances -- Part 1
https://community.wolfram.com/groups/-/m/t/3721898
&[Wolfram Notebook][1]
[1]: https://www.wolframcloud.com/obj/6dfe9208-ee6f-44fd-b888-62319a4f3965Ed Pegg2026-05-25T20:58:27ZENSO emergence & spring predictability barrier: data exploration of NOAA's May 2026 El Niño Watch
https://community.wolfram.com/groups/-/m/t/3717799
&[Wolfram Notebook][1]
[1]: https://www.wolframcloud.com/obj/fff1010b-3724-4584-8820-ed78744a2228Marco Thiel2026-05-18T15:03:27ZGoogle Earth Engine (GEE) Paclet: terrain and geophysical analysis
https://community.wolfram.com/groups/-/m/t/3718038
![Google Earth Engine (GEE) Paclet: terrain and geophysical analysis][1]
&[Wolfram Notebook][2]
[1]: https://community.wolfram.com//c/portal/getImageAttachment?filename=3776hero.png&userId=20103
[2]: https://www.wolframcloud.com/obj/13ddd6d3-29d9-4175-b68c-172fe7c23269Diego Zviovich2026-05-18T23:23:50Z