Hi Artemii,
What version of Raspian are you running? You might need to try cleaning out the apt-cache and trying to install wolfram-engine again with:
sudo apt-get purge wolfram-engine
sudo apt-get clean
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get -f install
sudo apt-get install wolfram-engine
This will first remove all previous installations of the wolfram-engine, then cleans out any local cached versions of apps that were downloaded but not installed (or also deletes all the installer tarballs, etc that aren't used after an app is installed), then updates the cache, attempts to fix any previous botched installations, then finally will attempt to re-install wolfram-engine.
Let me know if this works for you.
Thanks,
Ian
