I've found a problem however when checking my work: I cannot get
RR = InverseFunction[(Normal[Series[S1[x], {x, 0, 5}]] /. x -> #) &]
To "Inverse again back to S1" (not at the moment) - and I suspect that it may mean RR is "not usable". I found the below to be more believable...
RR = InverseSeries[Series[S1[x], {x, 0, 5}]];
(* the above re-inverses back to S1 in a "same plot" manner *)
G[t_] := g'[t] - ((Normal[RR] //. x -> #) &[t])/6 + 2*g[t]^2
NDSolve: At t == 1.1`, step size is effectively zero; singularity or stiff ?
InterpolatingFunction[ . , Domain{{1.1, 1.1}}, scalar ]
I'm sorry I didn't check my steps more thoroughly the first time (i checked them but too briefly). But in the end - many more things must be checked still I feel, before the answer is usable (such as stiffness NDSolve mentioned).