I wonder if there are no solutions because of the following:
eq = Expand[{f1[S, e, I1, I2, R] == 0,
    f2[S, e, I1, I2, R] == 0,
    f3[S, e, I1, I2, R] == 0,
    f4[S, e, I1, I2, R] == 0,
    f5[S, e, I1, I2, R] == 0}];
Solve[eq[[{1, 2}]], {I1, I2}]
(* {} *)
If there are no solutions for I1 and I2 using just the first two equations, then adding additional equations can't help.  Of course, the fact that in the first two equations are both functions of I1+I2 might negate that conclusion.