For transcendental equations you often need to choose a domain:
Solve[x^3 + x^2 - x == 20*Sin[x^2] - 5, x, Reals]
Numericising the result:
In[4]:= Solve[x^3 + x^2 - x == 20*Sin[x^2] - 5, x, Reals] // N
Out[4]= {{x -> -3.37217}, {x -> -3.19649}, {x -> -2.48921}, {x -> \
-1.70489}, {x -> -0.536109}, {x -> 0.496065}, {x -> 1.61444}}
Regards
Neil