I've been using Mathematica to process FITS for years, but it has changed in version 12. Import now yields an Association rather than an Image. OK, extract item 1 from the Association, that's an Image. But it isn't right. A small test file shows the problem:
ImageData[Import["test.fits"][[1]]]
yields a matrix full of tiny numbers like 2.81374*10^-307. This is impossible. The header has:
BITPIX = 32 / array data type
BSCALE = 1
BZERO = 2147483648
This is the conventional declaration of 32 bit unsigned integers. Apparently, these are misinterpreted as floating point.
Is this a bug, or have I missed another change?
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