Just in case somebody else is interested, this is a function based on Seth's answer, that computes utility values from probabilities and utilityFunction of Classify function, basically extracts values for the utility matrix and the probabilities vector, does dot product and then rebuilds the final association
utilityValues[probs_Association, uf_Association] :=
Association[
Thread[Keys[probs] -> (uf // Values // Values).(probs // Values)]]