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Anton Antonov

Cryptocurrencies: correlations, clustering and data analysis

Anton Antonov, Accendo Data LLC

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Cryptocurrencies: correlations, clustering and data analysis
Anton Antonov
MathematicaVsR at GitHub
MathematicaForPrediction at WordPress
June 2021

Introduction

The main goal of this notebook is to provide some basic views and insights into the landscape of cryptocurrencies. The “landscape” we consider consists of price action and trading volume time series for cryptocurrencies found in Yahoo Finance.

Here is the work plan followed in this notebook:

Get cryptocurrency data

Do basic data analysis over suitable date ranges

Gather important cryptocurrency events

Plot together cryptocurrency prices and trading volume time series together with the events

Make observations and conjectures over the plots

Find “global” correlations between the different cryptocurrencies

Find clusters of cryptocurrencies based on time series correlations

Here are some details for the steps above:

◼

The procedure of obtaining the cryptocurrencies data, point 1, is explained in detail in [AA1].

◼

There is a dedicated resource object CrypocurrencyData that provides cryptocurrency data and related documentation.

◼

The cryptocurrency events data, point 3, is taken from different news sites.

◼

Links are provided in the corresponding dataset.

◼

The points 6 and 7 follow similar explorations (and code) described in [AA2, AA3].

◼

Those two articles deal with COVID-19 time series.

Remark: Note that in this notebook we do not discuss philosophical, macro-economic, and environmental issues with cryptocurrencies. We only discuss financial time series data.

Cryptocurrencies data

The cryptocurrencies data used in this notebook is obtained from found in Yahoo Finance . The procedure of obtaining the cryptocurrencies data is explained in detail in [AA1]. There is a dedicated resource object CrypocurrencyData that provides the cryptocurrency data and related documentation.

Here are all cryptocurrencies we have data for:

In[]:=

ResourceFunction["CryptocurrencyData"]["CryptocurrencyNames"]

Out[]=

BTCBitcoin,ETHEthereum,USDTTether,BNBBinanceCoin,ADACardano,XRPXRP,USDCCoin,DOGEDogecoin,DOT1Polkadot,HEXHEX,UNI3Uniswap,BCHBitcoinCash,LTCLitecoin,LINKChainlink,SOL1Solana,MATICMaticNetwork,THETATHETA,XLMStellar,VETVeChain,ICP1InternetComputer,ETCEthereumClassic,TRXTRON,FILFilecoinFutures,XMRMonero,EOSEOS

Remark: FinancialData is “aware” of 10 cryptocurrencies, but that is not documented (as far as I can tell) and only prices are provided. (For more details see the discussion in CrypocurrencyData.) Here are examples:

In[]:=

Row[DateListPlot[FinancialData[#,"Jan 1 2021"],ImageSize->Medium,AspectRatio1/4,PlotLabel#]&/@{"BTC","ETH"}]

Out[]=

Significant cryptocurrencies

In this section we analyze the summaries of cryptocurrencies data in order to derive a list of the most significant ones.

We choose the phrase "significant cryptocurrency" to mean "a cryptocurrency with high market capitalization, price, or trading volume.”

Together with the summaries we look into the Pareto principle adherence of the corresponding values.

Remark: The Pareto principle adherence should be interpreted carefully here -- the cryptocurrencies are not mutually exclusive when in comes to money invested and trading volumes. Nevertheless, we can interpret the corresponding value ratios as indicators of “mind share” or “significance.”

By summaries

Here is a summary of the cryptocurrencies we consider (from Yahoo Finance) ordered by “Market Cap” (largest first):

In[]:=

dsCCSummary=ResourceFunction["CryptocurrencyData"][All,"Summary"]

Out[]=

Symbol	Name	Price (Intraday)	Change	% Change	Market Cap	Volume in Currency (Since 0:00 UTC)	Volume in Currency (24Hr)	Total Volume All Currencies (24Hr)	Circulating Supply
BTC-USD	Bitcoin USD	32203.5	-235.51	-0.0073	603514000000.	58989000000.	58989000000.	58989000000.	18741000.
ETH-USD	Ethereum USD	1896.61	-44.12	-0.0227	220760000000.	36332000000.	36332000000.	36332000000.	116397000.
USDT-USD	Tether USD	1.0015	0.0009	0.0009	62585000000.	102634000000.	102634000000.	102634000000.	62492000000.
BNB-USD	BinanceCoin USD	263.91	-36.01	-0.1201	40493000000.	4094000000.	4094000000.	4094000000.	153433000.
ADA-USD	Cardano USD	1.1915	-0.0795	-0.0625	38065000000.	6021000000.	6021000000.	6021000000.	31946000000.
XRP-USD	XRP USD	0.568599	-0.099552	-0.149	26273000000.	4928000000.	4928000000.	4928000000.	46206000000.
USDC-USD	USDCoin USD	1.0011	0.0006	0.0006	25249000000.	4360000000.	4360000000.	4360000000.	25223000000.
DOGE-USD	Dogecoin USD	0.189643	-0.027676	-0.1274	24678000000.	7275000000.	7275000000.	7275000000.	130130000000.
DOT1-USD	Polkadot USD	15.18	-1.89	-0.1109	14489000000.	3077000000.	3077000000.	3077000000.	954217000.
HEX-USD	HEX USD	0.079822	-0.005203	-0.0612	13842000000.	38192000.	38192000.	38192000.	173411000000.
UNI3-USD	Uniswap USD	16.43	-0.48	-0.0284	9452000000.	712503000.	712503000.	712503000.	575171000.
BCH-USD	BitcoinCash USD	439.72	-41.89	-0.087	8254000000.	2618000000.	2618000000.	2618000000.	18770000.
LTC-USD	Litecoin USD	119.14	-14.04	-0.1054	7953000000.	3692000000.	3692000000.	3692000000.	66752000.
LINK-USD	Chainlink USD	17.12	-1.1	-0.0605	7431000000.	2214000000.	2214000000.	2214000000.	434010000.
SOL1-USD	Solana USD	26.64	-2.18	-0.0758	7264000000.	1240000000.	1240000000.	1240000000.	272637000.
MATIC-USD	MaticNetwork USD	1.1203	-0.0958	-0.0788	7050000000.	2579000000.	2579000000.	2579000000.	6293000000.
THETA-USD	THETA USD	6.3656	-0.9544	-0.1304	6366000000.	606707000.	606707000.	606707000.	1000000000
XLM-USD	Stellar USD	0.236137	-0.022256	-0.0861	5471000000.	897055000.	897055000.	897055000.	23170000000.
VET-USD	VeChain USD	0.075609	-0.006508	-0.0793	4863000000.	1174000000.	1174000000.	1174000000.	64316000000.
ICP1-USD	InternetComputer USD	36.65	-2.4	-0.0613	4728000000.	260754000.	260754000.	260754000.	128986000.
rows 1–20 of 25

Here is the summary of summary dataset above:

In[]:=

ResourceFunction["RecordsSummary"][dsCCSummary]

Out[]=



1 Symbol

ADA-USD	1
BCH-USD	1
BNB-USD	1
BTC-USD	1
DOGE-USD	1
DOT1-USD	1
(Other)	19

2 Name

BinanceCoin USD	1
BitcoinCash USD	1
Bitcoin USD	1
Cardano USD	1
Chainlink USD	1
Dogecoin USD	1
(Other)	19

3 Price (Intraday)

Min	0.051171
1st Qu	0.892975
Median	15.18
3rd Qu	68.14
Mean	1413.75
Max	32203.5

4 Change

Min	-235.51
Mean	-16.1763
1st Qu	-7.8975
Median	-0.48
3rd Qu	-0.026321
Max	0.0009

5 % Change

Min	-0.149
1st Qu	-0.1132
Median	-0.0788
Mean	-0.076064
3rd Qu	-0.052475
Max	0.0009

6 Market Cap

Min	3.273× 9 10
1st Qu	4.82925× 9 10
Median	7.953× 9 10
3rd Qu	2.5505× 10 10
Mean	4.63154× 10 10
Max	6.03514× 11 10

7 Volume in Currency (Since 0:00 UTC)

Min	3.8192× 7 10
1st Qu	1.10476× 9 10
Median	2.579× 9 10
3rd Qu	4.502× 9 10
Mean	1.00751× 10 10
Max	1.02634× 11 10

8 Volume in Currency (24Hr)

Min	3.8192× 7 10
1st Qu	1.10476× 9 10
Median	2.579× 9 10
3rd Qu	4.502× 9 10
Mean	1.00751× 10 10
Max	1.02634× 11 10

9 Total Volume All Currencies (24Hr)

Min	3.8192× 7 10
1st Qu	1.10476× 9 10
Median	2.579× 9 10
3rd Qu	4.502× 9 10
Mean	1.00751× 10 10
Max	1.02634× 11 10

10 Circulating Supply

Min	1.7937× 7 10
1st Qu	1.16376× 8 10
Median	9.54217× 8 10
Mean	2.55902× 10 10
3rd Qu	3.5511× 10 10
Max	1.73411× 11 10



Here is a Pareto principle adherence plot for the cryptocurrency market caps:

In[]:=

aMCaps=Normal[dsCCSummary[Association,StringSplit[#Symbol,"-"]〚1〛->#["Market Cap"]&]];ResourceFunction["ParetoPrinciplePlot"][aMCaps,PlotRange->All,PlotLabel->"Pareto principle for cryptocurrency market caps"]

Out[]=

Here is the Pareto statistic for the top 12 cryptocurrencies:

In[]:=

Take[AssociationThread[Keys@aMCaps,Accumulate[Values@aMCaps]]/Total[aMCaps],12]

Out[]=

BTC0.521221,ETH0.71188,USDT0.765931,BNB0.800902,ADA0.833777,XRP0.856467,USDC0.878274,DOGE0.899587,DOT10.9121,HEX0.924055,UNI30.932218,BCH0.939346

By price

Get the mean daily closing prices data for the last two weeks and show the corresponding data summary:

In[]:=

startDate=DatePlus[Now,-Quantity[2,"Weeks"]];aMeans=ReverseSort[Association[#->Mean[ResourceFunction["CryptocurrencyData"][#,"Close",startDate]["Values"]]&/@ResourceFunction["CryptocurrencyData"]["Cryptocurrencies"]]];ResourceFunction["RecordsSummary"][aMeans,Thread->True]

Out[]=



1 column 1

ADA	1
BCH	1
BNB	1
BTC	1
DOGE	1
DOT1	1
(Other)	19



1 column 1

Min	0.0682441
1st Qu	0.952632
Median	21.5208
3rd Qu	90.35
Mean	1627.18
Max	36717.1



Pareto principle adherence plot:

In[]:=

ResourceFunction["ParetoPrinciplePlot"][aMeans,PlotRange->All,PlotLabel->"Pareto principle for cryptocurrency closing prices"]

Out[]=

Here are the Pareto statistic values for the top 12 cryptocurrencies:

In[]:=

aCCTop=Take[AssociationThread[Keys@aMeans,Accumulate[Values@aMeans]]/Total[aMeans],12]

Out[]=

BTC0.902595,ETH0.959915,BCH0.974031,BNB0.982414,XMR0.988689,LTC0.992604,FIL0.99426,ICP10.995683,ETC0.997004,SOL10.997906,LINK0.998449,UNI30.998987

Plot the daily closing prices of top cryptocurrencies since January 2018:

In[]:=

DateListPlot[Log10/@Association[#->ResourceFunction["CryptocurrencyData"][#,"Close","Jan 1, 2018"]&/@Keys[aCCTop]],PlotLabel->"lg of crytocurrencies daily closing prices, USD",PlotTheme->"Detailed",PlotRangeAll]

Out[]=

	BTC
	ETH
	BCH
	BNB
	XMR
	LTC
	FIL
	ICP1

	ETC
	SOL1
	LINK
	UNI3

By trading volume

Get the mean daily trading volumes data for the last two weeks and show the corresponding data summary:

In[]:=

startDate=DatePlus[Now,-Quantity[2,"Weeks"]];aMeans=ReverseSort[Association[#->Mean[ResourceFunction["CryptocurrencyData"][#,"Volume",startDate]["Values"]]&/@ResourceFunction["CryptocurrencyData"]["Cryptocurrencies"]]];ResourceFunction["RecordsSummary"][aMeans,Thread->True]

Out[]=



1 column 1

ADA	1
BCH	1
BNB	1
BTC	1
DOGE	1
DOT1	1
(Other)	19



1 column 1

Min	4.07855× 7 10
1st Qu	6.82844× 8 10
Median	1.4605× 9 10
3rd Qu	2.43245× 9 10
Mean	6.75815× 9 10
Max	6.85441× 10 10



Pareto principle adherence plot:

In[]:=

ResourceFunction["ParetoPrinciplePlot"][aMeans,PlotRange->{0,1.1},PlotRange->All,PlotLabel->"Pareto principle for cryptocurrency trading volumes"]

Out[]=

Here are the Pareto statistic values for the top 12 cryptocurrencies:

In[]:=

aCCTop=N@Take[AssociationThread[Keys@aMeans,Accumulate[Values@aMeans]]/Total[aMeans],12]

Out[]=

USDT0.405697,BTC0.657918,ETH0.817959,XRP0.836729,ADA0.853317,ETC0.868084,LTC0.882358,DOGE0.896621,