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Solving a symbolic linear matrix equation

Posted 10 years ago
Hiya,

I'm trying to solve the linear equation A.x = b for x, where A is a 24 by 24 matrix with symbolic entries and b = {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1}. (You can find my notebook in the attachment) My computer seems to be taking quite some time to do this. I tried both the 'Solve' and 'LinearSolve' functions with no result after waiting for a few hours. I am suspecting that these 'naive' methods for solving this equation will not get me anywhere and I was wondering if there would be some method to tackle this, without giving my matrix entries numerical values, or if I should forget about solving my problem in this form.

Best regards,
Maxim
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POSTED BY: Maxim Faber
2 Replies
Posted 10 years ago

Thanks for your reply. It confirms what I already feared, so I guess I'll need to convert my problem to a numerical one.

POSTED BY: Maxim Faber

I think that the problem might be that the number of terms in an analytical/symbolic solution of such a system increases dramatically fast.

Try an execute such a problem for small matrices and look at the rapid increase of the cpu time needed:

Table[(Solve[
     Table[Subscript[a, i, j], {i, 1, n}, {j, 1, n}].Table[Subscript[
        x, i], {i, 1, n}] == RandomReal[1, n], 
     Table[Subscript[x, i], {i, 1, n}]] // AbsoluteTiming)[[1]], {n,  2, 5}]

This gives:

{0.000691, 0.007968, 0.127200, 326.635776}

The corresponding figure is:

CPU time vs matrix size

This is because of the number of permutations growing very fast for larger matrix sizes. The solution of linear equations with real entries is much, much faster:

  Table[(Solve[
     Table[RandomReal[], {i, 1, n}, {j, 1, n}].Table[Subscript[x, 
        i], {i, 1, n}] == RandomReal[1, n], 
     Table[Subscript[x, i], {i, 1, n}]] // AbsoluteTiming)[[1]], {n, 2, 30}]

This gives

{0.000247, 0.000217, 0.000246, 0.000277, 0.000378, 0.000461, \
0.000561, 0.000640, 0.000503, 0.000439, 0.000557, 0.000982, 0.000772, \
0.000691, 0.000738, 0.000811, 0.000891, 0.001443, 0.001112, 0.001240, \
0.001318, 0.001424, 0.001646, 0.001748, 0.002253, 0.002522, 0.002084, \
0.002231, 0.002249}

This is very fast so that even very large problems can be handled. Your problem involves the symbolic solution of a 25 times 25 matrix, which should be quite impossible.

M.

POSTED BY: Marco Thiel
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