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Solution values doubled in Fourier series problem output?

I am trying to solve the following Fourier Series problem.

$$f(x)=\begin{cases} -1,& -1<x<0 \newline \;\; 1,&\;\; 0<x<1 \end{cases}$$

We know that on the interval $[-1,1]$ is odd. We calculate the coefficients $$a_0=0 , \quad a_n=0 , \quad b_n=\frac{4}{n\pi}$$

Thus,

$$f(x)= \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{4}{n\pi} \sin(n \pi x) $$

I tried to study the same problem on Mathematica with the following code

a[n_] := (2/L)*Integrate[f[x]*Cos[2 n*Pi*x/L], {x, -L/2, L/2}]
a[0] := (1/L)*Integrate[f[x], {x, -L/2, L/2}]
b[n_] := (2/L)*Integrate[f[x]*Sin[2 n*Pi*x/L], {x, -L/2, L/2}]
F[x_, N_] := a[0] + Sum[a[n]*Cos[2 n*Pi*x/L] + b[n]*Sin[2 n*Pi*x/L], {n, 1, N}]
p[N_, a_] := 
 Plot[Evaluate[F[x, N]], {x, -a, a}, PlotRange -> All, 
  PlotPoints -> 200]
L=2;
f[x_] = If[x > 0, 1, -1];
a[n]
a[0]
b[n]
Simplify[%, n \[Element] Integers]
Table[F[0.5, k], {k, 0, 20}]

enter image description here enter image description here

We notice that with the exception of the first value all other values are double. Why is this phenomenon observed? I know that is more a maths question than a Mathematica one but I would appreciate any help.

5 Replies

Your Mathematica calculation for the square wave is right. In your first post, the series formula after the "thus" is the series for the sawtooth wave, not for the square wave. This is why "all other values are double".

POSTED BY: Gianluca Gorni

Yes this is the notebook with my results

The series formula f(x)=∑n=1∞4nπsin(nπx) does not reproduce the function f(x)={−1,1,−1<x<00<x<1. It is the series for another function. Didn't you make the plot?

POSTED BY: Gianluca Gorni

Could you explain to me please why the F(x) is wrong?

Your formula for f[x] is wrong. Try plotting the result:

Sum[4/(n Pi) Sin[n Pi x], {n, 1, Infinity}]
Plot[Chop[%], {x, -1, 1}]
POSTED BY: Gianluca Gorni
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