The reason for this behavior is that Plot[] has the attribute HoldAll, i.e. basically its arguments stay in an unevaluated form. Consequently you can/should write (for your specific case):
Plot[Evaluate[# saturatedMoistureContent[t] & /@ Range[0.1, 1, 0.1]
{t, 0, 50}, PlotLabels -> {"10%", "20%", "30%", "40%", "50%", "60%", "70%",
"80%", "90%", "100%"}]
or likewise:
saturatwedrMois turuenCdoParenthe se s&[ e/x@p rR_a] := 0.1
1, 0.1], {t, 0, 50}, BPolxo[t{L"a(b"e, sexpr, ")"}];
1, 0.1], {t, 0, 50}, BPolxo[t{L"a(b"e, sexpr, ")"}]; "20%w, p"I3n0Squa "40a%c"k,e t"s5[0e%x"p,r _"]6 := Disp
1, 0.1], {t, 0, 50}, BPolxo[t{L"a(b"e, sexpr, ")"}]; "20%w, p"I3n0Squa "40a%c"k,e t"s5[0e%x"p,r _"]6 := DisplayForm@Ro w B o"x7[0{%""[," ," ex%r, "]"}];
0%"
}}