As is the way of the universe, the moment I click "post" I stumble upon a possible explanation. When I try to use the new ARPublish function, I'm told "ARPublish is not yet available on Windows."
Since ARPublish uses USD / GLTF under the hood, this suggests it's an iOS feature for now. Given the push from Apple for their upcoming Vision Pro, this feature is probably leveraging visionOS.
~Michael