You could add to your LD_LIBRARY_PATH

/opt/Wolfram/WolframEngine/10.0/SystemFiles/Links/MathLink/DeveloperKit/Linux-ARM/CompilerAdditions

Hi, the process is failing because it needs the uuid development libraries. You can install them with the following commands:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install uuid-dev

We'll update the installer to require this package.

MathLink binaries are expected to be run from within the Wolfram Language Kernel (e.g. Mathematica), so you'll see the binaries looking for some of the libraries contained in the $InstallationDirectory. These MathLink examples are providing an interface for the kernel to run the C code. The proper way to use them is to load them within the Kernel with Install.

SetDirectory[$InstallationDirectory <>                                  
           "/SystemFiles/Links/MathLink/DeveloperKit/" <> $SystemID <>          
           "/PrebuiltExamples/"];
link = Install["addtwo"];
AddTwo[1,2]

You can read more about this process in the documentation for Install and our documentation on MathLink/WSTP.

In general, you don't want to be modifying the system library paths to load non-standard library directories. If you really wanted to run with the Wolfram Language's libraries, you could just start a binary like this:

LD_LIBARY_PATH=/opt/Wolfram/WolframEngine/10.0/SystemFiles/Libraries/Linux-ARM/:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH ./my_binary