The following will likely give you most of what you show above. The inline documentation has additional options.

salary = {1000, 12000, 12500, 14000, 15000, 17000, 25000, 30000, 50000};
experience = {2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 15};
data = Table[{experience[[i]], salary[[i]]}, {i, Length[salary]}]
lm = LinearModelFit[data, x, x]
lm[{"ParameterTable", "RSquared", "AdjustedRSquared", "ANOVATable"}]

with output

I'm assuming that your question is "How do I translate R code that fits a linear model into Mathematica?" If so, the LinearModelFit function is what you need.