Use Table
to actually create and return a list rather than simply print it.
Table[
a = RandomInteger[{-5, 5}, {5, 6}];
b = a[[1 ;; 5, 1 ;; 5]];
c = Array[x, 5];
d = b.c;
e = a[[All, 6]];
Thread[d == e], {j, 5}]
(* Out[10]= {{5 x[1] - 2 x[2] - 3 x[3] - 4 x[4] - 4 x[5] == -2,
x[2] + 3 x[3] - 4 x[5] == -4, -2 x[1] + 5 x[2] - 4 x[3] - 3 x[5] ==
1, 2 x[1] - 4 x[2] - 3 x[3] + 3 x[4] == -4, -3 x[1] - x[3] +
3 x[4] - 4 x[5] ==
3}, {x[1] + 4 x[2] - 4 x[3] + 5 x[4] + 2 x[5] ==
4, -5 x[1] + x[3] + 3 x[5] ==
2, -x[1] - 2 x[2] + 5 x[3] - 3 x[4] + x[5] == -5, -2 x[1] +
4 x[2] - x[3] - 5 x[4] + 3 x[5] == -4,
5 x[1] + 2 x[2] - x[4] + 4 x[5] ==
1}, {-x[1] - 4 x[2] + 3 x[3] + 2 x[4] - 4 x[5] == -4, -5 x[1] -
5 x[2] - 3 x[3] + x[4] - 3 x[5] == -3, -x[2] + 3 x[3] + 5 x[4] ==
1, -4 x[1] - 3 x[3] - x[4] + 2 x[5] == -1, -5 x[1] + x[2] +
2 x[3] + 5 x[4] + x[5] == -5}, {x[1] + 5 x[2] + 2 x[3] - 4 x[4] ==
3, 2 x[1] - 5 x[2] + 4 x[3] - 4 x[4] + 3 x[5] == -4, -3 x[1] +
x[2] - 4 x[3] - 4 x[4] - 4 x[5] == -5,
x[1] - 5 x[2] + x[3] - 3 x[4] - 2 x[5] == 0,
x[1] - x[2] - 2 x[4] - x[5] ==
0}, {2 x[1] - 4 x[2] + 5 x[3] - 2 x[4] - x[5] ==
1, -x[1] + 2 x[2] - 5 x[3] - 4 x[4] - x[5] ==
2, -x[1] + x[2] - 3 x[3] - 3 x[5] == 5,
3 x[1] - 5 x[2] + 5 x[3] + x[4] - 5 x[5] == -5, -3 x[1] + x[2] +
2 x[3] + 5 x[4] - 3 x[5] == -3}} *)