Thank you, but I want to put the label's ticks to the other side of the axes.

I have read the manual and other sites and I have not found the answer.

Yes, try the following exaple:

Plot[x, {x, -2, 2}, 
 Ticks -> {{{-1, -1, {0, .05}}, {1, 1, {.05, 0}}}, {-1, 1}}]

You can do it programmatically:

pl = Plot[x, {x, -1, 1}]
originalTicks = AbsoluteOptions[pl, Ticks];
Show[pl, originalTicks /. {x_Real, v_, lngths_, sty_} :> {x, v, 
    Reverse[lngths], sty}]

There is something funny here, because Show[pl, originalTicks] gives different ticks than the original.

I don't know a way to change the position of ticks labels, but you can place Text labels wherever you want:

Plot[x, {x, -2, 2}, 
 Epilog -> {Text[-1, {-1, 0}, {0, -1.1}], Text[-1, {0, -1}, {-2, 0}], 
   Line[{{-1, 0}, {-1, -1}, {0, -1}}]}, 
 Ticks -> {{{-1, "", {0, .01}}, {1, 1, {.01, 0}}}, {{-1, ""}, 1}}]

In the cases when the axes and the ticks interfere with the content of the picture, we should consider using Frame->True instead, and perhaps turning the axes off altogether:

Plot[x, {x, -1, 1}, Axes -> False, Frame -> True]