Hi, I’m new to Mathematica, and I’m trying to solve an ODE with it,
but I get the wrong solution! (or maybe my book is wrong I dunno lol)
Here is the problem:
and this should be the solution by my book:
Now in Mathematica the code i used is:
DSolve[{x^2 * y''[x] + 7*x*y'[x] + 9*y[x] == 0, y'[-1] == -3,
y[-1] == 2}, y[x], x]
and the output is:
{{y[x] → (I (2 I + 9 [Pi] + 9 I Log[x]))/x^3}}
image:
What I’m doing wrong?
Thanks.
In[14]:= ClearAll[“Global`*”]
In[15]:= DSolve[{x^2*y''[x] + 7*x*y'[x] + 9*y[x] == 0, y'[-1] == -3,
y[-1] == 2}, y[x], x]
Out[15]= {{y[x] -> (I (2 I + 9 \[Pi] + 9 I Log[x]))/x^3}}
In[16]:= y[x_] := (I (2 I + 9 \[Pi] + 9 I Log[x]))/x^3
Perhaps you copied down the equation wrong? The solution seems correct:
In[17]:= x^2*y''[x] + 7*x*y'[x] + 9*y[x] == 0
Out[17]= x^2 (63/x^5 + (12 I (2 I + 9 \[Pi] + 9 I Log[x]))/x^5) +
7 x (-(9/x^4) - (3 I (2 I + 9 \[Pi] + 9 I Log[x]))/x^4) + (
9 I (2 I + 9 \[Pi] + 9 I Log[x]))/x^3 == 0
In[18]:= Reduce[
x^2 (63/x^5 + (12 I (2 I + 9 \[Pi] + 9 I Log[x]))/x^5) +
7 x (-(9/x^4) - (3 I (2 I + 9 \[Pi] + 9 I Log[x]))/x^4) + (
9 I (2 I + 9 \[Pi] + 9 I Log[x]))/x^3 == 0]
Out[18]= True
It could also be your boundary conditions:
In[28]:= ClearAll["Global`*"]
In[29]:= DSolve[{x^2*y''[x] + 7*x*y'[x] + 9*y[x] == 0,
y'[-1] == -9 - 3 I (2 I - 9 \[Pi]), y[-1] == -I (2 I - 9 \[Pi])},
y[x], x]
Out[29]= {{y[x] -> (-2 - 9 Log[x])/x^3}}
In[33]:= y[-1]
Out[33]= -I (2 I - 9 \[Pi])
In[34]:= y'[-1]
Out[34]= -9 - 3 I (2 I - 9 \[Pi])
The solutions are equivalent:
Simplify[(I (2 I + 9 ? + 9 I Log[x]))/x^3 - (-2 x^-3 - 9 x^-3 Log@Abs[x]), x < 0]
(* 0 *)
Yea right it is equal 
but how that’s possible.. I don’t see how: (9?i*x^-3) have anything to do here?
Hi,
Keep in mind that Log[] is the complex logarithm:
Simplify[ComplexExpand@Log[x], x < 0]
(* 1/2 (2 I ? + Log[x^2]) *)
Log[-1]
(* I ? *)
(* etc. *)
Because your initial condition is at x == -1, the Log[x] in the solution returned by DSolve has a nonzero imaginary part, namely, I ?. You can somewhat recover the desired form of the answer as follows:
Simplify[(I (2 I + 9 ? + 9 I Log[x]))/x^3, x < 0]
(* (-2 - 9 Log[-x])/x^3 *)
It is, in fact, a strength that Mathematica works in terms of complex analysis, but OTOH, most people haven’t studied complex analysis. From the point of view of mathematics through the first two years of college calculus (= introductory real analysis), it can seem unnecessarily complex – i.e., complicated. – to both students and professors. Recently, as Wolfram has made inroads into the introductory math curriculum and, reciprocally, interest in Wolfram has grown, functions such as CubeRoot[] (V9), Surd[] (V9), and RealAbs[] (V11.1) have been introduced, which are the standard real functions studied in high school.
DSolve[] always treats all variables as complex; unless you tell, say, FullSimplify[] that x is real.
sol = y[x] /. First@DSolve[{x^2*y''[x] + 7*x*y'[x] + 9*y[x] == 0, y'[-1] == -3, y[-1] == 2}, y[x], x]
FullSimplify[Re[sol] // ComplexExpand, Assumptions -> x > 0] // Expand
I think there’s a slight mistake: (1) The initial condition is at a negative value of x, so the domain of the solution is x < 0. (2) The solution is real so Re in Re[sol] should be unnecessary. (3) Consequently, the assumption in FullSimplify leads to an expression that has a nonzero imaginary part at x = -1 due to log(x), and the initial condition is not satisfied.
Hello
You are absolutely right ,I do not check initial condition for solution.
My mistake.
Regards Mariusz.