I found and followed
http://whatapalaver.co.uk/2013/12/controlling-raspberry-pi-from-ipadto control my Raspberry Pi from my iPad.
Using my iPad, I installed and started tightvncserver using SSH. Then I connected with VNC Viewer. I started Mathematica. All was well. I was running Mathematica from my iPad and I was happily turning LEDs on and off from my iPad.
Then I "did" something and now I can't start Mathematica with VNC any more.
What I "did" was follow instructions found above for running tightvncserver at startup, and run VNC viewer on my Mac.
I created the file ~/.config/autostart/tightvnc.desktop containing
[Desktop Entry]
Type=Application
Name=TightVNC
Exec=vncserver: 1
StartupNotify=False
This has been edited so a space is between the : and 1. VNC then starts on the Pi at boot up.
This post was made because VNC didn't start. I had misprint in tightvnc.desktop.
VNC Viewer on both iPad and Mac connect to Pi.
In my case, the IP address is 192.168.0.16. Port 1 works but I am using 5901.
A password is needed for tightvnc.
Sorry for confusion.