Ubuntu can't install a "Microsoft visual C" as far as know (which is strongly oriented only for use only in making Microsoft Windows supporting "apps" (not shell use as "cc")), nor will the Microsoft binary of Mathematica run in Ubuntu (as far as i know).
You "click to expand" the error message to show the whole message.
Unless your school requested that you run Ubuntu on a laptop and run Mathematica on Ubunto - if you value your time (ie, which to have time to actually work on your homework instead of hacking lib and path failures): I strongly suggest getting a (used / low cost) Apple or Microsoft computer (at least until your out of school).
