As I understand it, N[x]
calculates x
using machine precision and keeping no track of accumulating errors. Instead, N[x,n]
calculates x
with all whatever internal precision required to get the result with n
correct digits, keeping track of errors. The situation is complicated and you can get apparently contradictory results:
x = ((-5551459608 + 3925475120 Sqrt[2]) Sqrt[2 - Sqrt[2]])^2;
y = 174288;
N[Expand[x]]
N[Expand[x], 6]
N[Expand[x], 7]
y < x < y + 1
y < Expand[x] < y + 1
y < N[Expand[x]] < y + 1
y < N[Expand[x], 6] < y + 1
y < N[Expand[x], 7] < y + 1