I want to see the radius of the planets that meet the criterion, not the length.
I figured out how to get the radius of planets:
planets[planets[All, "Moons",
Length@*Select[#Mass/(4/3 \[Pi] #Radius^3) >
0.55 (planets["Earth", "Moons",
Values, #Mass/(4/3 \[Pi] #Radius^3) &] // Normal // First) &]][Select[# > 0 &]]//Keys//Normal,"Radius"]