Nice question. Here is a simple implementation on Excel.
Let's create some Cloud API using Wolfram Cloud (the same can be done from desktop version 10):
CloudDeploy[APIFunction[{"x" -> "Integer"}, Prime[#x ] &],Permissions->"Public"]
Save your Cloud Link, something like: "https://www.wolframcloud.com/objects/fc7dae07-d9a0-454f-a8d6-ab12bdbab2b3", to use in your VBA code.
Open Excel, go to VBA (ALT+F11), then create a new Module in your current file.

Then select your module, and create a function to call the information from your brand new Cloud Object as:
Function wolframPrime(x)
Dim strURL As String
strURL = "https://www.wolframcloud.com/objects/YourCloudLinkHere"&"?x=" & CStr(x)
Set http = CreateObject("MSXML2.XMLHTTP")
http.Open "GET", strURL, False
http.setRequestHeader "If-Modified-Since", "Sat, 1 Jan 2000 00:00:00 GMT" 'prevent cached data
http.Send
wolframPrime = 1 * http.responseText
Set http = Nothing
End Function
Now you can test your new function in Excel:

And get:

Don't forget that each time you use this function, you are consuming your Cloud Credit.
Very cool no?
PS: Unfortunately, the Community do not accept attachments in XLSM format. I created a example file with the embed code. Maybe moderators can change that?