Hi,
the same command does not evaluate inMathematica 9 and gives an error message instead:
NDSolveValue::ivone: Boundary values may only be specified for one
independent variable. Initial values may only be specified at one
value of the other independent variable. >>
Also, if you invert the sign of your first condition like this:
uif = NDSolveValue[D[f[x, y], {x, 2}] + D[f[x, y], {y, 2}] == 1 && Derivative[1, 0][f][1, y] == -1 && f[0, y] == 1, f, {x, 0, 1}, {y, 0, 1}]
you get a positive 1 derivative just as you wanted.
Plot3D[uif[x, y], {x, 0, 1}, {y, 0, 1}]

I know that this does not solve your problem. I am not really sure what MMA10 does differently from MMA9 here.
Cheers,
Marco