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The application is working for me (I tried a handful of queries). I would email windows-support@wolframalpha.com (which is the support email link in the Additional Information section at the bottom of the store page) and they should be able to give...
Sounds like the base version of your instance of Windows Server does not meet the system requirements for 12.2 and later. I'm guessing it is not running 2019.
Yes. Technically, it can only be applied globally.
IIRC, you need to uninstall the Math Recognizer from Settings app > Apps > Optional features. Reboot and the application should start (maybe slowly but successfully).
They are antialiasing artifacts from drawing the raster as a set of primitives. The simplest way to deal with this is to add `ImageResolution->96` to each `Raster`.
Great. If you use 3D graphics a lot, you might want to consider setting 3DRenderingEngine to OpenGL while PreferredGPU is set to Software.
The XPS viewer feature is probably not installed. Go to Settings app > Apps > Optional Features > Add a feature. Type in "XPS" into the search field and install the XPS Viewer.
You cannot specify "HardwareAntialiasingQuality"->0 locally. The only value that matters is the one at the global scope (i.e. the one in the Preferences dialog). All of the Antialiasing specs are superfluous as well.
The text should be using the ambient font and size as spec'd from the OS. What is returned from evaluating `CurrentValue["SystemFonts"]`? The output from `CurrentValue["ConnectedDisplays"]` might be useful as well.
This will fail in more places than it works, since ImageSize is not in pixels. Instead, use Rasterize[text, "BoundingBox"] and the result can be used in generating the ImageSize specification.