Great references, thank you! Good to see they found a core size on the same order I did. I'll look into the differences.

Very beautiful and meaningful work -- congratulations on the prize! You might want to check out some research done about this, including circular definitions. For instance:

• https://journals.aps.org/prx/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevX.2.031018
• https://journals.aps.org/prx/pdf/10.1103/PhysRevX.2.031018
• https://arxiv.org/abs/1103.2325

ABSTRACT: "Dictionaries link a given word to a set of alternative words (the definition) which in turn point to further descendants. Iterating through definitions in this way, one typically finds that definitions loop back upon themselves. We demonstrate that such definitional loops are created in order to introduce new concepts into a language. In contrast to the expectations for a random lexical network, in graphs of the dictionary, meaningful loops are quite short, although they are often linked to form larger, strongly connected components. These components are found to represent distinct semantic ideas. This observation can be quantified by a singular value decomposition, which uncovers a set of conceptual relationships arising in the global structure of the dictionary. Finally, we use etymological data to show that elements of loops tend to be added to the English lexicon simultaneously and incorporate our results into a simple model for language evolution that falls within the “rich-get-richer” class of network growth."

Great work Jack! This is a fascinating topic and one I have been interested in years as a way of unambiguously representing language; allowing functions like negation and tenses permits a word count <600 words. I look forward to seeing more of your work, bravo!

EDIT: this permits some rather interesting questions, like: is there a minimum set of ideas? Like the 'periodic table of ideas'? What idea-molecules can be created now that the elements have been isolated?